• simplified connectives (classes A, JA and GI'A are all merged into JA: ja, je, ji, jo, ju), but there are still distinct geks (ga, ge, ge'i, go, gu).

  • articles: le is used for anaphora, and lo is used for everything else.

  • complementizers ("abstractors"):

    • restricted jboponei: the word po is used to mean lo du'u. (the terminator is still kei, not nei or tei.) unlike other abstractors, it does not require an article — a po [co'e] kei clause is already a noun phrase.

    • the word lau is introduced to mean se du'u, replacing the awkward du'u₂.

  • a series of verb frames have been changed;